Dental evaluation of scuba diving mouthpieces using a subject assessment index and radiological analysis of jaw position.

OBJECTIVE To compare two experimental scuba mouthpieces with a commercially available design. METHODS A laboratory study using six men to assess effort, muscle pain, muscle fatigue, facial discomfort, tooth discomfort, and loss of lip sensation using a visual analogue scale. Cephalometric radiographs and analysis of jaw position with each mouth piece were also used. RESULTS Fully customised mouthpieces caused the least discomfort, muscle pain, fatigue, and effort. They also resulted in the least mandibular displacement from the resting position. Radiographic analysis of jaw position showed that the fully customised design resulted in the least displacement from normal jaw position. CONCLUSIONS A fully customised design gives the greatest comfort, least effort, and least mandibular displacement. This design is recommended, particularly for divers who experience temporomandibular dysfunction associated with diving.